Anti-war protesters clashed with police outside a military weapons exhibition in Melbourne on Wednesday, with Victoria Police saying 39 people were arrested after officers used stun grenades, pepper spray and rubber bullets.

The Guardian excerpt shows the confrontation centered on the Land Forces 2024 military weapons exposition at the Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre. About 1,200 people picketed the event, while police said they had deployed about 1,800 officers to handle the gathering.

The protest was organized around opposition to Israel’s war in the Gaza Strip and to Australia’s arms industry more broadly. Jasmine Duff of Students for Palestine said the group was protesting to stand up for people killed by weapons on display at the convention, according to the Al Jazeera report. That statement placed the demonstration in a wider political campaign, not just a single-day flashpoint.

The level of force used by police indicates how quickly the protest escalated. The excerpt says officers were pelted with rocks, manure and tomatoes, and that some bottles filled with liquid irritants were thrown, some identified as acid. Police also said two dozen people required medical treatment, though no serious injuries were reported.

The event was significant not only because of the arrests, but because it drew together several conflicts at once: opposition to the Gaza war, anger at the arms industry, and a visible law-and-order response from the state. The report says the protest disrupted traffic and public transport, while fires were lit in the street and missiles were thrown at police horses.

The context matters too. Al Jazeera notes that Australia has seen numerous protests against its arms industry’s involvement in the war over the previous 11 months. That suggests the Melbourne clash was part of an ongoing political campaign rather than an isolated outburst.

The supplied evidence does not give a full accounting of every offence used in the arrests, and the report stops short of describing long-term consequences for the protest movement. But it does establish the key facts: a large demonstration outside a weapons fair, a forceful police response, 39 arrests and injuries serious enough to send dozens for medical treatment.

The clash in Melbourne stands out because it brought an international war into a domestic public space where the argument was over weapons, policy and protest rights. The result was a highly visible confrontation between police and demonstrators, with the anti-war message and the security response both amplified by the scale of the event.